Historical overview

  • 1852 discovery of Stokes shift in fluorescence by G. G. Stokes
  • 1871 discovery of Rayleigh scattering by lord J. W. Rayleigh
  • 1922 “Molecular diffraction of light” by C. V. Raman
  • 1923 prediction of inelastic light scattering by A. Smekal
  • 1928 discovery of Raman effect by G. Landsberg, L. Mandelstam, C. V. Raman and K. S. Krishnan
  • 1930 Nobel Prize for discovery of Raman effect to C. V. Raman
  • 1955 first confocal miscoscopy by M. Minsky
  • 1962 Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) first observed by E. J. Woodbury and W. K. Ng and the principle explained by G. Eckhardt
  • 1964 Nobel Prize for advances in quantum electronics and building laser to C. H. Townes, N. Basov, A. Prokhorov
  • 1965 principle of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) first reported by P. D. Maker and R. W. Terhune with the term coined in 1974 by Beagly et al.
  • 1966 Nobel Prize for developing optical methods for construction of a laser to A. Kastler
  • 1970 construction of single-beam gradient force trap later called optical tweezer by A. Ashkin
  • 1973 Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) first observed by M. Fleischmann, P.J. Hendra and A. J. McQuillan
  • 1990 1st measurements of biological samples - fixed cells (lymphocytes) by G. J. Puppels
  • 2000 Tip Enhanced Raman Scattering (TERS) independently performed by M. S. Anderson and V. Deckert, R. M. Stöckle, Y. D. Suh, R. Zenobi
  • 2003 1st measurement of living cells (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) by Y.-S. Huang
  • 2018 Nobel Prize for Laser Tweezer to A. Ashkin
  • 2019 Nobel Prize for LiIon battery to J. B. Goodenough
  • 2020 NASA’s Mars rover Perseverance equipped by SHERLOC - Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminiscence for Organics & Chemicals
  • 2021 establishment of Raman base